In 2024, How to Unlock iPhone 13 mini Without Passcode?
How to Unlock Apple iPhone 13 mini Without Passcode?
It’s a frustrating situation where you forgot your Apple iPhone 13 mini’s passcode and are now unable to unlock it. Unfortunately, if you are experiencing this situation with your Apple iPhone 13 mini, you must be looking to learn how to unlock Apple iPhone 13 mini without a passcode.
There are many ways to unlock the Apple iPhone 13 mini without a passcode. You not only do it with the help of iPhone’s stock features like Find My Apple iPhone 13 mini or iTunes, but you can also use third-party methods to unlock the Apple iPhone 13 mini lock screen.
So, let’s get straight to the different methods to unlock the Apple iPhone 13 mini lock screen.
4 Easy Methods to Unlock Apple iPhone 13 mini without Passcode
Following are the four different methods to unlock Apple iPhone 13 mini without a passcode:
Method #1: Unlock iPhone Screen Passcode With iTunes
Unlocking an iPhone through iTunes is one of the most common ways. If you have forgotten your Apple iPhone 13 mini passcode, you can use iTunes to erase your device and reset it to its factory settings. This will remove the passcode, but it will also delete all of your data. If your device has a backup, you can use iTunes to restore your data after erasing your device.
Follow the steps to do this.
- First, connect your Apple iPhone 13 mini to your computer and launch iTunes. You will have to install it if you don’t have it on your computer. For installation, click here and download
- Once you launch iTunes, you see few devices available to connect. So, select your device from the list.
- Now you will have two options under your Apple iPhone 13 mini’s specifications. So you will have to click on the other option named Restore iPhone.
- By clicking this button, you will be asked again for confirmation. After confirmation, iTunes will wipe out everything on your Apple iPhone 13 mini, and once the process is completed, you will be able to unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini XR lock screen without any passcode.
Method #2: Unlock It Via Find My iPhone
If the above-given method is not helpful or you haven’t used iTunes before, we have another solution. You can use the “Find My iPhone” feature to erase your device and unlock it. This is useful when you quickly want to unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini without a passcode.
All you have to do is follow the steps given below.
- Log in to the iCloud website on your MacBook or Computer. For this, you will need to use your Apple ID and Password that you are using on your Apple iPhone 13 mini.
- Once you are logged in to iCloud, you will see many options and features but look for the Find My iPhone option.
- Once you find it, click on it, and you will see a few more options, and one of them would be Erase iPhone.
- You will have to click on it, showing you a confirmation message to erase all your data on your Apple iPhone 13 mini.
- Confirm it, and your Apple iPhone 13 mini will be restored to the factory settings, and all your data will be removed.
- Once the process is completed, you can unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini X lock screen without any passcode.
Method #3: Remove Passcode With Tapping Erase Phone (iOS 15.2 only)
If both above-given methods don’t work for you, or you don’t have access to a computer or MacBook to use those methods, there is a 3rd method for you. But it only works on iPhones with iOS 15.2 versions.
With this method, you can follow the steps below to remove the screen lock passcode on Apple iPhone 13 mini.
- First, you must try unlocking your Apple iPhone 13 mini with all the possible passcodes you remember.
- When you try too many wrong passcode attempts, iPhone will show you a message that states that your Apple iPhone 13 mini is locked for 1-15 minutes.
- By this message, you will also see another option at the bottom right corner named Erase iPhone.
- By clicking this option, you will be asked about your Apple ID and Password that you have used on this iPhone.
- So provide them, and you will be able to erase your Apple iPhone 13 mini, and in the end, your Apple iPhone 13 mini will be unlocked without needing a passcode or password.
Method #4: Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock
This is the most effective and easiest way to remove or break your Apple iPhone 13 mini passcode. You can use this method if all the above methods don’t work for you or you don’t remember your Apple ID or Password.
Here are some easy steps that you should take.
Step #1: Download Dr.Fone Tool
First, you must go to your computer or MacBook and download the Dr.Fone tool. You can follow the link to download and install this tool for free.
Step #2: Connect Your Apple iPhone 13 mini
After installing Dr.Fone on your computer, you will need to launch the Software and connect your Apple iPhone 13 mini using the original iPhone’s cable.
(Using the original iPhone cable will make it easy to connect your Apple iPhone 13 mini to the computer)
Step #3: Take your Apple iPhone 13 mini to Recovery Mode:
Once your Apple iPhone 13 mini is successfully connected, you must take it to recovery or DFU mode. For this, follow the instructions given below.
Step #4: Download Firmware
When your Apple iPhone 13 mini enters into recovery mode, you will see a Start button on Dr.Fone. So, you will have to select the correct iPhone and software model and click the Start button.
It will download the iOS firmware for your Apple iPhone 13 mini.
Step #5: Unlock iPhone X or XR Lock Screen
Once the downloading is completed, you will need to click on Unlock Now button, and the process to unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini X lock screen will begin.
Once the process is completed, you can unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini XR lock screen without the passcode.
FAQs
Following are 3 frequently asked questions that might come into your mind and their answers to help you understand everything.
How to remove the passcode on an iOS device?
First, open the Settings menu and scroll down to the Touch ID & Passcode option. Here, you will need to enter your current passcode to disable it.
Once done, toggle the switch next to the Passcode option to the Off position. You can then enter your passcode once more to confirm that you wish to disable it.
After doing this, your iOS device will no longer require a passcode to be accessed.
Can local Apple support help me to unlock my Apple iPhone 13 mini?
The answer is yes!
Here’s how.
Take your Apple iPhone 13 mini to the nearest Apple Store or Apple Authorized Service Provider. Please contact them, and bring your proof of purchase and other relevant documentation.
First, they will confirm that you are the actual owner of the Apple iPhone 13 mini; after that, they will help you to unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini lock screen.
Why was my Apple iPhone 13 mini locked?
There are some causes why your Apple iPhone 13 mini X or XR may be locked. One is that you entered the wrong passcode too many times. If in the situation, you’ll need to wait a certain amount of time before you can try again.
Another possibility is that someone tried to break into your phone using an illegal passcode-guessing tool. If this happens, your phone will be locked for a more extended period.
Finally, if you have an Apple iPhone 13 mini with Face ID, it’s possible that your phone was locked because it didn’t recognize your face. You ought to enter your passcode to unlock your phone if this is the case.
The Bottom Line
So, these are some most effective methods to follow and unlock the Apple iPhone 13 mini XR lock screen without a passcode. All the methods discussed are excellent and working, but the most convenient way is using the Wondershare Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock. It is a perfect tool that can be used to unlock different iPhone lock screens. Moreover, it is very safe and easy to use. So, we recommend you use this tool to unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini lock screen without a passcode.
Complete Guide For Apple iPhone 13 mini Lock Screen
Like most iPhone users, you rely on your lock screen to keep your data safe and protected. But with the release of iOS 17, there are a few new features and changes that you need to know about. This complete guide will clarify everything you need to know about the iOS 17 lock screen.
We’ll explain to you how to use the new features, protect your data, and more. So don’t waste any time - read on for all the details!
How to Have a Customized iOS 17 Lock Screen?
Before we get started, you should know that there are three ways to have a customized lock screen in iOS 17. Let’s get to know more about them.
1. How to select your favorite wallpaper
The first way is to use a pre-made wallpaper from the Apple Wallpaper Gallery.
To do this, go to Settings > Wallpapers & Brightness > Choose a New Wallpaper. Then, select the Apple Wallpaper Gallery and choose the image you want to use.
The second way to have a customized lock screen is to use a Live Photo. To do this, go to Settings > Wallpapers & Brightness > Choose a New Wallpaper. Then, select the Live Photo option and choose the image you want to use.
Note: You can only use Live Photos for your lock screen if your Apple iPhone 13 mini is unlocked.
2. How to manage notifications
If you want to manage notifications on the iOS 17 lock screen, there are two ways to do it.
At first, you can go to Settings > Notifications. Here, you can choose how many notifications you want to see on your lock screen and which apps can send you notifications.
The Do Not Disturb feature is the second way to manage notifications. To do this, go to Settings > Do Not Disturb and enable the feature. You can also schedule when Do Not should turn on and off. This feature work like a charm if you want to silence all notifications at night.
3. How to set Auto-Lock time
If you want to set the Auto-Lock time, go to Settings > Display & Brightness > Auto-Lock. Here, you can choose how long it should take for your Apple iPhone 13 mini to lock automatically.
By default, the Auto-Lock time is set to 30 seconds. But you can choose to lock it immediately, after 1 minute, 5 minutes, or never.
How to Turn Off/On Lock Screen in iOS 17?
If you want to turn off the lock screen, go to Settings > Touch ID & Passcode (or Face ID & Passcode). Then, scroll down and disable the Unlock with Passcode (or Unlock with Face ID) option.
Enable the Unlock with Passcode (or Unlock with Face ID) to turn ON the lock screen.
But if you have forgotten your passcode, don’t worry. The next section will show you how to bypass the lock screen.
How to Bypass the iOS 17 Lock Screen Passcode?
Different methods can help you bypass the iOS 17 lock screen passcode. Let’s discuss them in detail.
1. Use Emergency call
The first method to bypass the passcode is to use the emergency call feature.
To do this, access your device with five wrong passcodes attempts. This will trigger the emergency call feature. All you need to do is, dial an emergency number and then tap on the cancel button, and you’ll be taken to the home screen.
That’s how you bypass the lock screen without losing any data.
2. Bypass passcode with iTunes restore
If your Apple iPhone 13 mini needs to be backed up with iTunes sync feature, you can use this method to bypass the passcode.
To do this, connect your Apple iPhone 13 mini to a computer and open iTunes. Then, click the Restore button and follow the on-screen instructions to restore your Apple iPhone 13 mini.
It will take some time, but you can use your Apple iPhone 13 mini without a passcode once it’s done.
3. Use Find My in iCloud
If you have synced your Apple iPhone 13 mini with iCloud, you can try the Find My feature to bypass the lock screen.
To do this, go to icloud.com/#find and sign in with your Apple ID. Then, select your device from the list of devices and click on the Erase button.
To do this, go to icloud.com/#find and sign in with your Apple ID. Then, select your device from the list of devices and click on the Erase button.
All the data will disappear on your Apple iPhone 13 mini, and you’ll be able to access it without a passcode.
This process can also take some time, so be patient.
4. Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock
If all mentioned methods don’t work for you, the ultimate solution is to use Wondershare Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock and bypass the passcode. To finish it, you can follow the steps given below carefully.
Step #1: Download/Install Dr.Fone on your Computer or MacBook
A third-party tool named Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock can help you in this regard. The wonderful part is that you don’t have to learn any technical knowledge.
First, download/install Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock on your computer or MacBook. You can get it from here:
After downloading the tool, install launch it on your PC.
Step #2: Launch the Application and Go for Screen Unlock
Once you have installed the tool, launch it and go to its main window. Here, you will see different features. Select the Screen Unlock feature from the list.
Step #3: Connect your Apple iPhone 13 mini and Activate DFU Mode
Now, you need to connect your Apple iPhone 13 mini to the computer using an Apple original cable. Once done, you need to put your Apple iPhone 13 mini into DFU mode.
To do this, you need to press and hold the Home button and Sleep/Wake button simultaneously for 10 seconds.
After that, release the Sleep/Wake button but keep holding the Home button until Dr.Fone detects your device in DFU mode.
Step #4: Download the Appropriate Firmware
Once Dr.Fone detects your Apple iPhone 13 mini, it will ask you to continue. So, proceed to the next, and here you will be asked to download the correct firmware package for your device.
So, choose the firmware carefully and hit the download button.
Depending on your internet connection, you may have to wait for a longer time. But once the firmware is downloaded successfully, you can proceed to the next step.
Step #5: Unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini
After the firmware is downloaded, you need to press the Unlock Now button, and Dr.Fone will start to unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini without a passcode. Once it is done, you can get into your device without any restriction.
FAQs
Why iOS 17 Lock Screen is not working?
There could be many reasons for the malfunction of the Lock Screen in iOS 17. The most common reason is the installation of incompatible jailbreak tweaks. Therefore, it is recommended to remove all the jailbreak tweaks and check whether the problem persists.
You can try resetting your device to factory settings if the problem still exists. But make sure to back up your data before doing so, as it will erase all your data.
How do I fix my iOS 17 lock screen bugs?
There are various ways to fix the lock screen bugs in iOS 17. You can try resetting your device to factory settings, or you can also try restoring your device from a previous backup.
If none of these methods work, you can try using a third-party tool like Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock to bypass the lock screen.
How do you unlock a locked iPhone iOS 17?
There are various ways to unlock a locked iPhone running on iOS 17. You can try the feature of Find My iPhone, or you can also use a third-party tool like Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock.
How do you fix an unresponsive lock screen on iPhone running on iOS 17?
If your lock screen is unresponsive on iPhone running on iOS 17, you can try force restarting your device. To do this, you need to press and hold the Home button and Sleep/Wake button simultaneously for 10 seconds.
After that, release the Sleep/Wake button but keep holding the Home button until you see the Apple logo. Once your device is restarted, check if the problem persists or not.
If the problem still bothers you, you can try using a third-party tool like Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock to reset the phone, eventually fixing the issue.
The Bottom Line
So this is what we want to talk about the iOS 17 Lock Screen with you. We have tried to cover everything in this article, including the new features, lock screen bugs, and how to fix them.
All the fixes mentioned above are tested and proven to be working. So you can try them without any hesitation.
But if you are still facing problems with your lock screen, then the greatest thing you can do is to use a third-party tool like Dr.Fone-Screen Unlock. This tool is very easy to use and will unlock your device within minutes.
So, if you are looking for a hassle-free solution to fix your lock screen issues, then this is the best one you should never miss.
A Comprehensive Guide to Apple iPhone 13 mini Blacklist Removal: Tips and Tools
Have you ever wondered what happens when your beloved iPhone gets blacklisted? It’s like a digital timeout and can be a real headache. Imagine not being able to use your Apple iPhone 13 mini fully because it’s on a blacklist. That means no calls, texts, or internet – not exactly the Apple iPhone 13 mini experience you signed up for, right?
But don’t fret! This article is here to demystify the Apple iPhone 13 mini blacklist and show you how to fix it. It will take you on a journey of iPhone blacklist removal. By the end, you’ll be able to bring your Apple iPhone 13 mini back to life.
Part 1. Decoding the Apple iPhone 13 mini Blacklist: What You Need To
You might have heard the term “blacklisted iPhone” before, but what does it mean? Well, it’s like your Apple iPhone 13 mini is in a timeout and can’t play with the other phones. Let’s break it down in simple terms.
What Is a Blacklisted iPhone?
When an iPhone is blacklisted, it’s been labeled as “not-so-friendly” in the digital world. It’s like when you’re not allowed into an establishment because you broke the rules. In this case, the Apple iPhone 13 mini has done something that makes it unwelcome on specific networks.
Why Does an iPhone Get Blacklisted?
There are a few reasons why an iPhone might end up on this digital naughty list:
- **Reported as Lost or Stolen.**Imagine if someone reported their iPhone as lost or stolen. If someone else tries to use that phone, it could be blacklisted. That’s because protecting the original owner’s data and privacy is essential.
- **Unpaid Bills.**Sometimes, an iPhone gets blacklisted because the person who had it didn’t pay their bills. Not paying your phone bill can have consequences.
What Happens When Your Apple iPhone 13 mini Is Blacklisted?
Now, here’s where things get tricky. When your Apple iPhone 13 mini is blacklisted, it won’t work like it should. Here’s what you might experience:
- **No Calls or Texts.**You won’t be able to make or receive calls and texts. It’s like your Apple iPhone 13 mini is suddenly mute.
- **No Internet.**Say goodbye to surfing the web or using apps that need an internet connection. Your Apple iPhone 13 mini will be like a disconnected island.
- **Lower Resale Value.**If you ever decide to sell your Apple iPhone 13 mini, its value will drop if it’s blacklisted. People are wary of buying blacklisted phones because they come with limitations.
So, in a nutshell, a blacklisted iPhone is like a digital pariah, shunned from regular phone activities. But the good news is, you don’t have to stay in timeout forever. In the next part, this guide will show you how to get your Apple iPhone 13 mini back in action with some easy-to-follow iPhone blacklist removal steps.
Part 2. How To Remove and Unlock an iPhone Blacklist for Free
Now that you know what it means for an Apple iPhone 13 mini to be blacklisted and the troubles it can bring, let’s talk about how to set your Apple iPhone 13 mini free. The good news is there’s a way to do this for free! Yes, you read that right. This section will walk you through the steps.
What Is iPhone Blacklisted Removal?
Going through a blacklist removal service for your Apple iPhone 13 mini is like giving your device a second chance. It’s taking your Apple iPhone 13 mini off the “naughty list” and making it work like it should again. And the best part? You can do it without spending a dime.
Guide to Free iPhone Blacklist Removal
The iPhone blacklist removal method is relatively easy. Here’s how you can do it:
Option 1: Contact the Original Owner
One way to remove the blacklist status from your Apple iPhone 13 mini is by contacting the person who originally owned it. Talking to the previous owner can be a game-changer if your Apple iPhone 13 mini ended up on the blacklist because it was reported as lost or stolen. They can help you sort things out with the carrier and get the blacklist status lifted.
Option 2: Contact Your Carrier
Your next option is to contact your carrier for an iPhone blacklist removal service. The company provides your phone service, so they have the authority to remove the blacklist status from your Apple iPhone 13 mini. Be prepared to explain your situation; they will guide you through the process. That means you can get in touch with AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, or T-Mobile.
If your carrier blacklisted the phone in error, you can request it be removed from the list for free. You must repay the bill if the carrier blacklisted the Apple iPhone 13 mini device due to past-due account payments. Unfortunately, the carrier cannot remove or unlock the phone if the previous owner blacklisted the smartphone by reporting it as lost or stolen.
Both of these methods are free and can work like a charm. However, they might take some time and effort on your part. But if you’re patient and persistent, you could end up with a fully functional iPhone again. Remember, staying polite and patient when dealing with the original owner or the carrier is critical.
Part 3: Preventive Measures To Avoid Getting an iPhone Blacklisted
Now that you’ve learned how to rescue a blacklisted iPhone let’s talk about how to keep it out of trouble in the first place. Prevention is always better than a cure, right? Here are some easy steps to make sure your Apple iPhone 13 mini stays in the clear.
Check the iPhone’s History Before Buying
Before you hand over your hard-earned money, check the iPhone’s background. Make sure it’s not reported as lost or stolen. You can do this by asking the seller for the phone’s IMEI or serial number and checking it online or with your carrier. A clean history is a green light to go ahead with the purchase.
Keep Your Apple iPhone 13 mini Secure
Just like you lock your front door, secure your Apple iPhone 13 mini. Use a strong passcode, Face ID, or Touch ID to protect your phone from unauthorized access. This simple step can prevent it from being misused and reported as stolen.
Pay Your Bills on Time
Your iPhone needs its “phone allowance” paid on time, too. Ensure you pay your monthly bills to your carrier. Unpaid invoices can lead to your Apple iPhone 13 mini getting blacklisted.
Be Careful With iCloud
iCloud is like a protective bubble for your Apple iPhone 13 mini’s data. Don’t share your Apple ID and password with just anyone. If someone else has access to your iCloud account and does something shady, it can affect your Apple iPhone 13 mini’s status.
Report a Lost or Stolen iPhone
If your Apple iPhone 13 mini ever goes missing, report it to your carrier and the police immediately. The step will help prevent someone else from using it and getting it blacklisted.
Beware of Scams
Stay vigilant for scams and sketchy deals. If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Avoid buying iPhones from unreliable sources or individuals you don’t trust.
By following these simple preventive measures, you can keep your device clear and avoid the hassle of dealing with the whole iPhone blacklist removal process. Remember, a little caution goes a long way.
Part 4: The Blacklist Problem Resolved, but What To Do if I Have a Locked SIM?
So, this article has talked a lot about iPhone blacklist removal, but what about your trusty SIM card? A little chip plays a significant role in keeping you connected. Sometimes, SIM cards encounter issues, too, and they need a helping hand. Enter Wondershare Dr.Fone – Sim Unlock, your go-to solution for all SIM-related issues like SIMs not supported, locked or invalid SIMs , and SIMs without network service.
Key Features
Check out the marvelous features that Dr.Fone – SIM Unlock can do for your Apple iPhone 13 mini:
- **Compatibility Galore.**Fone – SIM Unlock works like a charm with various iPhone models and a wide range of carriers. It’s like a universal remote for your SIM troubles.
- **User Friendly.**You don’t need to be a tech wizard to use it. Dr.Fone – SIM Unlock comes with an easy-to-follow interface. It’s like having a friendly guide right on your screen.
- **Quick and Effective.**The best part? It’s quick and efficient. You won’t wait hours to get your SIM back on track. It’s like a fast pass at an amusement park.
- **Anytime, Anywhere.**Fone – Sim Unlock is available whenever you need it. Whether at home or on the go, you can count on it to rescue your SIM.
Step-by-Step Guide
Now, see how you can easily unlock your Apple iPhone 13 mini’s SIM by following the guide given below:
- Step 1: After downloading and installing the software on your computer, launch Wondershare Dr.Fone. Continue to the Toolbox section, then choose Screen Unlock and click iOS to open the tool in a new window.
- Step 2: Once in the new window, click the Remove SIM Locked function to begin the process.
- Step 3: Click Start to begin the process on the next Remove SIM locks page.
- Step 4: The platform will recognize your device and display all its details on the next screen. Continue the unlocking process by clicking the Unlock Now button.
- Step 5: Because this technique requires you to jailbreak your iOS device, you will be prompted to do so first. Click on Jailbreak Guide if you wish to follow a guide. If you want to follow a video guide instead, click on Watch Video.
- Step 6: After that, the screen will prompt you to conduct a series of actions, beginning with removing the SIM card from the iDevice. Continue to Settings, then WLAN, to access the Apple iPhone 13 mini device’s network settings. Locate the Wi-Fi networks you have joined and select Forget This Network. Remove all linked networks from My Networks and disable Wi-Fi. After that, re-insert your SIM card and tap Continue.
- Step 7: The next screen will display a prompt box showing the unlocking process’s status. After a short while, the window will display the completion notification, and you must click Done to end the process.
Conclusion
In a world where staying connected is vital, understanding and fixing iPhone blacklist issues is crucial. You’ve learned that a blacklisted iPhone can mean no calls, texts, or internet – a frustrating experience. But fear not because you have free iPhone blacklist removal options at your disposal. And remember, prevention is the key. By checking an iPhone’s history before purchase and keeping your device secure, you can avoid blacklist troubles altogether.
Lastly, trust Dr.Fone iPhone SIM Unlocker to rescue you when your SIM card acts up. It’s your go-to solution for SIM-related woes, ensuring you stay connected effortlessly.
Also read:
- [New] 2024 Approved Seamless Experience with Best-Rated Android Devices for PlayStation 2 Games
- [New] In 2024, Step-by-Step Inverting iPhone Video Order
- [Updated] 2024 Approved Comparing Leading Cam Tech with MyManyCam
- [Updated] Digital Domination Rise From Thousands to a Million on YouTube for 2024
- [Updated] Simplified Storytelling Methodology
- How Do You Unlock your iPhone 15 Plus? Learn All 4 Methods
- How To Change Your Apple ID Password On your Apple iPhone 8
- In 2024, Complete Guide For Apple iPhone 13 Lock Screen
- In 2024, Did Your iPhone 15 Pro Max Passcode Change Itself? Unlock It Now
- In 2024, Forgot iPhone 6s Backup Password? Heres What to Do
- In 2024, iPhone 6s Backup Password Never Set But Still Asking? Heres the Fix
- In 2024, Top 6 Ways to Transfer Text Messages from Nubia Z50 Ultra to Other Android Devices | Dr.fone
- Resolve Your iPhone 13 Pro Keeps Asking for Outlook Password
- Securely Download Vimeo Videos A Comprehensive Softwares Approach for 2024
- Unlocking Potential with Android Camera Apps
- Title: In 2024, How to Unlock iPhone 13 mini Without Passcode?
- Author: Sophia
- Created at : 2024-12-03 16:39:47
- Updated at : 2024-12-06 16:32:18
- Link: https://ios-unlock.techidaily.com/in-2024-how-to-unlock-iphone-13-mini-without-passcode-by-drfone-ios/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.